An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes. The ratio of protein to carbohydrate to fat was 3. The subjects remained weight- stable during the study. Glycated hemoglobin decreased 0. P < 0. 0. 5). The rate of change over time was also significantly greater after the high- protein diet than after the control diet. P < 0. 0. 01). Fasting triacylglycerol was significantly lower after the high- protein diet than after the control diet. Insulin. C- peptide, and free fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different after the 2 diets. The Blood Type Diet guidelines indicate the best vegetables for B negative people include dark leafy greens like kale, broccoli. Benefits of the Blood Type Diet. As mentioned earlier, the effects of this developing diet are still under rigorous study for definite results. Both the type and amount of protein in the diet has largely been ignored. Generally, protein has only been considered in. A role for dietary protein in the management of hyperglycemia either has not been considered or has. However, as early as 1. Subsequently, data from several laboratories (6, 7; reviewed in reference 8)—including. In persons with type 2 diabetes, protein ingestion actually results in a small decrease in postprandial. In a single- day study in which mixed meals of various composition were fed to healthy young subjects, the protein content. To our knowledge, the effect on glucose metabolism of a high- protein, weight- maintenance diet ingested over a longer period. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that a 5- wk period of increased dietary protein. The responses of glucose. C- peptide, glucagon, triacylglycerol, and nonesterified fatty acids to a high- protein diet are. All subjects met the National Diabetes Data Group criteria for the diagnosis. The mean age of the subjects was 6. The mean percent total glycated hemoglobin was 8. Written informed consent was. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University. Minnesota Committee on Human Subjects. Subjects were screened and found not to have hematologic abnormalities, liver disease. All subjects were interviewed before the study began to determine their physical activity. The subjects. confirmed that they had been weight- stable for . None of the subjects was being treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. The control diet consisted of 5. A second diet—the high- protein. Thus, the protein content of the diet was increased at the expense of carbohydrate. The fat and dietary. Examples of each diet are given in Table 1. The subjects were admitted to the SDTU on the evening before the study began. On the following day, the subjects were. After the subjects had fasted overnight for. Snacks were given at 1. Blood was. obtained at 0. Subjects were encouraged to drink water to ensure adequate urine output. After this. 2. 4- h test period, the subjects were sent home with food for the next 2–3 d, as appropriate for the diet to which they were. All of the food to be eaten was supplied to the subjects. At that time, they provided a urine specimen (for measurement. In addition, the subjects were interviewed regarding dietary compliance and about any concerns that they. At this. time the control or high- protein diet (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and 2 snacks) was given, as appropriate. The distribution. The amount. of carbohydrate in the meals and snacks for the control diet was . Total glycated hemoglobin was measured by boronate affinity HPLC. Serum. immunoreactive insulin was measured with the use of a standard double- antibody radioimmunoassay method with kits produced. Incstar (Stillwater, MN). Glucagon was determined with the use of a radioimmunoassay kit purchased from Linco Research. St Louis). C- peptide was measured with the use of a radioimmunoassay kit manufactured by Diasorin (Stillwater, MN). Nonesterified. fatty acids (NEFAs) were determined enzymatically with the use of a kit manufactured by Wako Chemicals USA, Inc (Richmond. VA). Creatinine, urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triacylglycerol were measured with the use of an automated. Ortho- Clinical Diagnostics Vitros 9. Raritan, NJ). LDL cholesterol was calculated with the Friedewald. Microalbumin was determined by using a Beckman- Coulter Array 3. Weight was determined with a digital scale. Scaletronix, White Plains, NY) while the subjects were wearing street clothes and no shoes. Blood pressure was determined. A Positive Blood Type. Do you have 'A positive' blood type? Read on to know interesting facts about persons having 'A positive' type of blood. Scroll down to know 'A. Blood type O good and bad foods for your blood group - Blood group diet: can your blood group aid weight loss? Type 2 Diabetes and the Vegan Diet. The only prospective study measuring rates of diabetes in vegans, the Adventist. Diet for O Positive Blood Type. Blood group O is considered to be the oldest and the most common of all blood types. The following article provides information about. I think peoples who comment negative haven. I already take 9years experiment for blood type diet. Follow-up of Blood-Pressure Lowering and Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes. Sophia Zoungas, M.D., Ph.D., John Chalmers, M.D., Ph.D., Bruce Neal, M. Dinamap instrument (Critikon/Mediq, Pennsauken, NJ) with a digital readout. Statistics were determined by using Student’s t test for paired variates with the STATVIEW 5. Brain Power, Calabasas, CA) for the Macintosh computer (Apple Computer. Cupertino, CA). A P value < 0. Data are presented as means . Body weight remained stable with both diets (Figure 1. The large SEM was due to the variation between subjects. None of the subjects lost or gained > 1 kg (2 lb) with either. In other words, the ratio with the high- protein diet was double. After ingestion of the control diet, the mean glucose concentration increased to a peak of 1. After ingestion of the high- protein diet, the. Thus, the glucose concentration was consistently lower after the high- protein diet, particularly in the evening. Twenty- four–hour plasma glucose response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast. (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. After 5 wk of the high- protein diet, the total percent glycated hemoglobin decreased from 8. The. decrease was statistically significant after 4 and 5 wk of the high- protein diet (P < 0. The rate of decline also was significantly greater after the high- protein diet (P < 0. Student’s paired t test of the decrement in slope over 5 wk. The rate of decline was also significantly greater after the high- protein diet, P < 0. Student’s paired t test of the decrement in slope over 5 wk). The insulin concentrations increased rapidly after the meals, as expected. The insulin excursion was not significantly. Twenty- four–hour serum insulin response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast. (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. After the high- protein diet, the insulin area response was 7. This difference in area response was not statistically. P = 0. 2. 5). The C- peptide response was similar to the insulin response (Figure 5. Twenty- four–hour C- peptide response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast. (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. The glucagon response was not significantly different for. However, from 1. 40. After dinner, the glucagon concentration remained higher at all time points, until 0. Figure 6. Twenty- four–hour glucagon response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast. (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. After ingestion of the low- protein diet, the NEFA concentration changed little for 3. The concentration then decreased. It subsequently increased and reached a peak of 7. The NEFA concentration increased 3. Thereafter, the NEFA response to the high- protein diet was not significantly different. Twenty- four–hour nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. After the high- protein diet, the NEFA area response was . There was considerable variability between subjects, and the differences in. P = 0. 4. 4). The difference was statistically significant (P < 0. After ingestion of either diet, the triacylglycerol concentration increased until . It then decreased toward baseline by 0. Twenty- four–hour triacylglycerol response of subjects to the control (1. Breakfast. (B) was given at time 0 (0. L) at 4 h (1. 20. D) at 1. 0 h (1. 80. S1) at 6 h (1. 40. S2) at 1. 3 h (2. Thus. although the fasting triacylglycerol concentration was lower after the high- protein diet than after the control diet (P < 0. HDL- cholesterol concentrations were 1. These differences were not statistically significant. None of these differences were statistically significant. When protein was given with glucose, a synergistic effect on insulin was observed. As a result, the glucose area response. The insulin response. These data were obtained by using very lean beef protein. Subsequently. we reported that 7 different protein sources were effective in stimulating an increase in circulating insulin concentrations. These highly significant insulin responses to different proteins resulted in either no change or a modest decrease in glucose. This suggested that an increase in protein content in the diet—particularly if associated with a decrease in. Such a diet could be useful for controlling. The present data indicate. This time frame was chosen because it represents the time required for glycated. In addition, with the method used to measure total glycated hemoglobin, each 1% represents . In the present study the decrease in total glycated hemoglobin was 0. Thus, the final integrated. The ratio remained. Thus, compliance was excellent. The order in which the diets was given did not significantly. Weight stability also was excellent (Figure 1. We considered this a critical aspect of the study design because our primary goal was to determine the effect of the diet. Blood pressure also remained stable throughout the study. On the basis of weight stability and dietary compliance. However, at the beginning of the first 5- wk study period, the glucose. L, which is lower than ideal for a study designed to show a decrease in glucose concentration. The reason for the lower concentration is unknown; there was no change in body weight. However, we suspect that subtle. These changes indicate the need for all studies in which the subjects have diabetes to be carefully controlled and not. The change in fasting glucose also represents a potential limitation in interpretation. This was most apparent. The net result was a. Figure. 2. This indicates. Staub- Traugott phenomenon (2. Lower midday glucose concentrations also have been observed when persons were fasting (2. An error occurred while setting your user cookie. Please set your. browser to accept cookies to continue. This cookie stores just a. ID; no other information is captured. Accepting the NEJM cookie is. Type 2 Diabetes and the Vegan Dietby Jack Norris, RD . Previously, a cross- sectional report from the Adventist Health Study- 2 showed vegans to have a 6. A number of clinical trials have now shown that a vegan, or mostly vegan, diet can lower body weight, reduce blood sugar, and improve other parameters for type 2 diabetes. Vegan Menu for People with Diabetes from the Vegetarian Resource Group. Contents. Observational Studies. Two analyses from the Adventist Health Study 2 and one meta- analysis have looked at rates or risk. Prospective Analysis from Adventist Health Study 2. In 2. 01. 1, the first prospective study measuring the type 2 diabetes rates of vegans was released. It. followed participants of the Adventist Health Study 2 for two years and found vegans to have the lowest. The study did not differentiate between. Results are in Table 6. Prospective Diabetes rates in Adventist Health Study- 2. A higher income and more sleep were associated. The authors cautioned that because diabetes rates were determined by reporting a diagnosis of high. As to why vegetarians had lower rates of diabetes, the authors wrote, . Other features of. These foods have been shown to improve glycemic. It. was a cross- sectional study and found vegans to have the lowest rates of type 2 diabetes of any diet. Results are in Table 5. Cross- sectional Type 2 Diabetes rates in Adventist Health Study- 2. Adjusting for BMI diminished the difference between vegans and non- vegetarians to some extent. However, a lower BMI is possibly. Even after adjusting for BMI, the vegans. The authors speculated on what else could be beneficial about a vegan diet. Observational. evidence has shown that these dietary constituents are associated with a reduction in type 2. Vegetarian diets contain substantially less saturated fat than nonvegetarian. The vegetarian diet. We did not. calculate the glycemic load of the diets. Though low glycemic response diets are associated with. This was a 6- year. Clinical Trials. There have been a number of clinical trials using a vegan or near vegan diet to treat type 2 diabetes. They have been successful in reducing diabetes medication and blood sugar levels. Korea (2. 01. 6)The focus of this clinical trial was to compare the effect of a vegan diet to a conventional diabetic diet, as prescribed by the Korean Diabetes Association (KDA), on glycemic control among Koreans (1. The trial lasted three months. The vegan diet group had 4. KDA diet group had 4. After three months, there was a statistically significant, greater reduction in Hb. A1c in the vegan group compared to the KDA group (0. When including only participants with high diet compliance, the vegan diet fared even better (0. The vegan group ate less calories and saturated fat than the KDA group. However, neither group's blood pressure or LDL- cholesterol went down. The vegan group's triglycerides went up while the KDA group's went down; this might indicate the vegan group was eating more simple sugars. Czech Republic (2. In 2. 01. 1, researchers from the Czech Republic studied a vegetarian (near- vegan) diet compared to a conventional (control) diet for type 2 diabetes (1. The study tested only diet for 1. Animal products were limited to maximum of one portion of low- fat yogurt a day. The calories in both diets were limited (as distinct from the PCRM studies below in which the vegan diet was unlimited in calories). The vegetarian diet was about 3. The vegetarian diet group had a greater reduction in diabetes medication (4. Hb. A1c, waist circumference, and body fat. LDL cholesterol went down 8% in the vegetarian group only, but HDL cholesterol went up in the control group. Exercise caused the positive differences for the vegetarian diet to be even greater and also raised the HDL in the vegetarian group. The authors stated: Several possible mechanisms may explain the beneficial effects of a vegetarian diet: higher intake of fibre, lower intake of saturated fat . A vegetarian diet was reported to reduce intramyocellular lipid concentrations and this, together with the effect on visceral fat which we observed, might be responsible for a substantial portion of the effect of a vegetarian diet on insulin sensitivity and enzymatic oxidative stress markers. And, oddly enough: Especially during exercise, it became evident in our trial that it was easier for subjects to follow a vegetarian diet than a conventional diabetic diet. PCRM 2. 00. 4- 0. Study. In 2. 00. 4, researchers affiliated with the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) started a 7. American Diabetes Association recommended diet for people with type 2 diabetes. Vegan dieters were asked to avoid. This time, instead of avoiding all refined grains, they were merely asked to favor low glycemic index foods. Table 4 for an explanation of the glycemic index). The diets were individualized, based on body weight and plasma lipids. Intake of fiber and carbohydrate went up, while. Hb. A1c went down (only statistically significant for the first 2. Cholesterol and triglyceride. Among medication- stable participants in the conventional diet group, the. Hb. A1c reduction was 0. See Table 2 for more details. Although the participants in. Vegan dieters' cravings for sweets and fats also decreased. By week 7. 4, it was down to 5. This drop in adherence was probably. PCRM Study on Postmenopausal, Overweight Women. This study put half the women on a very low fat vegan diet of less than. No mention was made of refined carbohydrates. This diet was compared to a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step II Guidelines diet. Table 3 includes more results from this study. I want to emphasize the primarily whole foods aspect. If someone is eating a vegan diet with a lot of refined grains and sugars (including breads, white rice, and juices). White potato starch has a. Table 4) (7). Table 1. Pilot Study on People with Type 2 Diabetes. The study participants all had. They could not eat added oils, sugars, or refined carbohydrates such as white bread or pasta. The diet was designed to have less than. The control diet was designed to be less than 3. There was no limit on calories or portion sizes on either diet. They also reduced fat and saturated fat, and their cholesterol and triglyceride levels went down. Despite increasing carbohydrates, their fasting blood sugar levels went down, and their Hb. A1c (a measure of how much sugar has been in your blood over the previous three to four months) also went down. Many of the vegan dieters reduced or eliminated medications, while only one of the control dieters was able to. Definitions. Glycemic index - Measurement of how quickly glucose from a specific, solitary food is released into the blood. Glycemic load - Measurement of how much glucose from a specific, solitary food is released into the blood over the course of a certain. Insulin load - Measurement of how much insulin is released into the blood over a certain amount of time, in response to eating a. However. most of the research on nuts has suggested at least moderate amounts are beneficial to heart disease. It seems safe to eat moderate amounts of nuts if you have. A 2. 00. 9 study of people with type 2 diabetes showed that. There has not been much research on avocados and their effects on diabetes or weight loss. It is. reasonable to project that small amounts, about 1/4 an avocado per day, would be beneficial both for. A half a cup of cubed avocados has 1. There are concerns about the long- term effects of a diet with less than 1. Unsaturated fats keep HDL (good cholesterol) at healthy levels. Omega- 3 fats are also. The average vegan eats about 2. That much may not be necessary, but a diet of less. That doesn't mean you have to get your fat from. French fries, but nuts, avocados, and small amounts of olive and canola oil can be a healthy. Conclusion. In conclusion, it appears safe to say that. A whole foods vegan diet is safe for people who have type 2 diabetes. ADA diet. Vegans have a lower risk of type 2 diabetes than non- vegetarians. Note that the participants in the PCRM studies were provided with vitamin B1. All. vegans should follow the daily recommendations for vegans. Nicholson AS, Sklar M, Barnard ND, Gore S, Sullivan R, Browning S. Toward improved management of NIDDM: A randomized, controlled, pilot intervention using a lowfat, vegetarian diet. Aug; 2. 9(2): 8. 7- 9. Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner- Mc. Grievy G, Gloede L, Jaster B, Seidl K, Green AA, Talpers S. A low- fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Aug; 2. 9(8): 1. 77. Pub. Med PMID: 1. Turner- Mc. Grievy GM, Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Gloede L, Green AA. Changes in nutrient intake and dietary quality among participants with type 2 diabetes following a low- fat vegan diet or a conventional diabetes diet for 2. Oct; 1. 08(1. 0): 1. Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJA, Turner- Mc. Grievy G, Gloede L, Green A, and Ferdowsian H. A low- fat vegan diet and a conventional diabetes diet in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled, 7. Am J Clin Nutr 2. S- 9. S. Barnard ND, Gloede L, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner- Mc. Grievy G, Green AA, Ferdowsian H. A low- fat vegan diet elicits greater macronutrient changes, but is comparable in adherence and acceptability, compared with a more conventional diabetes diet among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Feb; 1. 09(2): 2. Barnard ND, Scialli AR, Turner- Mc. Grievy G, Lanou AJ, Glass J. The effects of a low- fat, plant- based dietary intervention on body weight, metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Sep; 1. 18(9): 9. Holt SH, Miller JC, Petocz P. An insulin index of foods: the insulin demand generated by 1. J portions of common foods. Nov; 6. 6(5): 1. 26. Pub. Med PMID: 9. Foster- Powell K, Miller JB. International tables of glycemic index. Oct; 6. 2(4): 8. 71. S- 8. 90. S. Mattes RD, Kris- Etherton PM, Foster GD. Impact of peanuts and tree nuts on body weight and healthy weight loss in adults. Sep; 1. 38(9): 1.
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